THE European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the municipal government of Almaty signed a memorandum of understanding on November 7 for the development of a 14km light rail line in Kazakhstan's second largest city.

THE EUROPEAN Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has agreed to provide Macedonia's Public Enterprise for Railway Infrastructure with a €46.4m 15-year loan to fund the rebuilding of the 30.8km Kumanovo – Beljakovce line, the first phase of a project to establish a direct rail link between Skopje and Sofia.

THE European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has agreed to provide a €152m sovereign loan to finance the extension of the first metro line in the Ukrainian city of Dnepropetrovsk.