THE International Union of Railways’ (UIC) held its first global signalling conference in Milan on March 26-28 in cooperation with Italian State Railways (FS), as the successor to its series of conferences on ERTMS. While the Milan event covered a range of topics including advances in automatic train operation (ATO), Positive Train Control in the United States, the future railway mobile communications system and cybersecurity, the slow deployment of ERTMS in Europe, or more precisely its signalling element ETCS, was still one of the main discussion points.